Illinois Open 2007 - Round 10                             TOSSUPS

1) After giving birth to Ella, she purchased a sawmill, which appalls her peers, but was attacked by freed slaves while doing rounds.  Her daughter Bonnie Blue died after being thrown from a horse, which was the last thing holding her third marriage together.  At sixteen, she was the most popular young woman in Clayton County, and married Charles Hamilton out of spite for Ashley Wilkes.  FTP, identify this resident of Tara and main character of Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind.
ANSWER:  Scarlett O'Hara

2) A predecessor to it was the Taft-Katsura agreement which gave the Americans freedom of action in the Philippines, and Article IV of it stipulated that both sides were to refrain from interference in the governing of Manchuria.  One party was granted control of Korea, and both sides were to refrain from building military fortifications on Sakhalin Island.  FTP, identify the treaty negotiated by Theodore Roosevelt that ended the Russo-Japanese War.
ANSWER:  Treaty of Portsmouth

3) Some of these are based on verbunkos and czardas. Six of these were orchestrated by Franz Doppler and subsequently renumbered. The eleventh begins lento a cappricio, and swiftly accelerates through 3 sectionstenth one of these is notable for a powerful glissando from F5 to G6.The ninth one of these pieces, sometimes titled Carnival in Pesth, was also later arranged for piano, violin, and cello. The second one, probably the most performed of these, is written in C Minor and contains a lassu and a friss, both folk dances of a certain European country. Showing deep influences from Gypsy and Magyar music, for ten points, name these nineteen pieces originally for solo piano, a collective work by Franz Liszt.
	ANSWER: Hungarian Rhapsodies

4) For an electric dipole of moment p in an electric field E, this is given by E cross p. A vector quantity in general, it is equal to the time derivative of the angular momentum, or the moment of inertia times the angular acceleration. It has units of energy and is often equal in magnitude to a force times a lever arm. FTP, name this quantity from physics, the rotational analogue of force, that causes objects to spin faster.
ANSWER: torque (accept moment)

5) They were first settled by Bretons from the port of St-Malo, although they were later displaced by the English. A crisis over them was nearly the cause of war between Britain, France, and Spain in 1770. A German cruiser squadron was destroyed by the British off these islands in a WWI battle. FTP, name these islands, whose capital is at Port Stanley and which are disputed between the UK and Argentina.
ANSWER: Falkland Islands (also accept “Las Malvinas”)

6) This man was involved in an affair with a London newspaper in which he severely offended the English and most other European people. His German father died after being pressured into accepting false medical advice by his British mother and had a withered left arm. He loved to wear the Admirals uniform that his grandmother Queen Victoria gave him and had a keen interest in the navy. He infamously sacked Bismarck over a reassurance treaty with Russia and set out to find his nation's place in the sun. For ten points, name this last Kaiser of the Second Reich. 
ANSWER: Wilhelm II

7) During his career, he had a T.V. show on which he did such things as eat mice and wash his hair in battery acid for money. His family is extremely poor, eating bread sandwiches for breakfast and frozen waffles for dinner. He has occasional selfless moments, such as when he smashed his skull in to save the Jews from the reincarnation of Haman, and when he helped Satan work through his relationship issues. FTP, name this animated character with a penchant for dying and coming back from the dead.
ANSWER: Kenny McCormick

8) Some of his early works including a mannerist inspired Adam and Eve are now housed in his home in Antwerp.  He traveled to Italy working in Mantua for the Gonzaga as an artist and diplomat.  He painted himself with his first wife Isabella Brandt in The Honeysuckle Bower after his return in 1609.  His painting of the Raising of the Cross was commissioned for the high altar of Antwerp Cathedral.  He painted his second wife, Helene Fourment, with just a fur wrap in The Little Fur.  FTP, name this Flemish Baroque artist who also painted portraits of Maria de Medici, The Garden of Love, The Descent from the Cross, and The Raising of the Cross.
ANSWER: Peter Paul Rubens 

9) Several of the lesser-known roles of this structure include interaction with viruses and their components, the regulation of tumor suppressors and oncogene activities, the assembly of signal recognition particals, the modification of small RNA strands, and the control of aging and modulating telomerase function. This structure contains, among other things, the dense fibrillar component, which is responsible for it being stained darkly, and a large concentration of rRNA, which it uses for its most important function, the generation of ribosomal subunits. FTP, identify this dark staining structure within the nucleus.
ANSWER: Nucleolus

10) Born at Le Mans in 1133, his father was Count of Anjou and Count of Maine, but he inherited a claim for the English crown from his mother, Empress Matlida.  He is famous for advancing the development of Common Law, and he issued the Assize of Clarendon, by which trial by jury became standard.  Eventually, his mother's claim on the English crown was realized, and he took the English throne in 1154.  By the end of his reign he controlled not only England and his father's lands in France, but also Ireland, Normandy, Aquitaine, Gascony, Nantes, and parts of Scotland and Wales.  For ten points, name this English King, the first of the Plantagenet or Angevin rulers.
ANSWER: King Henry II of England

11) In this work, the author famously claims that “philosophical decisions are nothing but the reflections of common life, methodized and corrected.” In its fourth section “Sceptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding”, the philosopher claims that reasoning could not be based on immediate sense experience. In this work, the philosopher defined causation as a belief, and examines four problems: “Liberty and Necessity,” “Reason of Animals,” “Miracles,” and “Particular Providence and a Future State.” Written by a Scottish philosopher, for ten points, name this most famous epistemological work of David Hume. 
ANSWER: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

12) In a game of craps, if the shooter's point number is five, calculate the probability of the shooter's passing within two rolls using two fair six-sided dice.  In order to pass, the shooter has to roll the point number before rolling a seven, so one can either roll the point on the first roll or dodge a seven on the first and roll point on the second roll.  FTP, calculate the odds of either rolling a five in one roll or rolling a non-seven on the first and rolling a five on the second roll.
ANSWER:  47/243

13) The Aztecs thought that Hernan Cortes was this god, as he was depicted as being light-skinned and bearded.  The twin brother of Xolotl, his heart became the morning-star, and he introduced agriculture, maize, and the arts.  Created when Ometeotl breathed upon the earth, when he created the human race, he took the bones and ashes from four previous attempts and combined them with his own blood.  FTP, identify the Aztec deity known as the 'feathered serpent'.
ANSWER:  Quetzalcoatl (do not accept Kukulcan, Tohil, 9 Wind, Edahior Eke'emaxi, or Gukumatz)

14) In his 1972 Princeton yearbook entry, he said he hoped to join the Supreme Court.  While a judge for the Third Circuit in Philadelphia, he taught law at Seton Hall University.  His work in the 1980s for Edwin Meese, Reagan’s Attorney General, proved that he was enough of a Republican for a later Reagan admirer.  For ten points, name this Supreme Court Justice, appointed in 2006 by George W. Bush following the failed nomination of Harriet Myers.
ANSWER: Samuel Alito

15) Near the beginning of this work, it includes a description of a scene at a party, wherein the author notices a woman and diagnoses various physical symptoms as an infection caused by an injection in “Irma’s Injection.”  This work describes the title objects as a means of wish-fufillment, although critics panned some of this book’s examples as having originated as unconscious experiences of the author.  FTP, name this seminal work of Sigmund Freud that describes the therapeutic analysis of the title concepts. 
ANSWER: The Interpretation of Dreams

16) This novel opens with the protagonist traveling to finish a deal involving the sale of the Carfax estate, and while there contracts a ‘violent brain fever’.  One character is being pursued by three suitors, including the proprietor of an insane asylum, where Renfield is awaiting the arrival of his ‘Master’.  Gypsies, followers of the title character, hold up Dr. Seward and Quincey Morris in their pursuit, but in the end the title character is killed and Mina is saved.  For ten points, identify the Stoker novel in which Abraham van Helsing and Jonathan Harker pursue the titular vampire.
ANSWER:   Dracula

17) In this work, one character loses two rigged games of dice, and as a result he and his five brothers must leave the kingdom for twelve years, during which they stayed in the 'house of lac'.  That same character refuses to enter heaven unless his dog is allowed in, and thanks to a statement made by Kunti, her five sons all were wed to Draupadi.  The climax of this narrative poem occurs after Yudhisthira and his brothers return and declare war on the Kauravas.  For ten points, identify this Indian epic which contains the Bhagavad Gita.
Answer: Mahabharata (do not accept Bhagavad Gita)

18) One of the main characters in it said that looking at a map inside the Bible of the Dead Sea made him thirsty. The play opens with one of the main characters whose feet hurt struggle to remove a boot. Pozzo is mistaken for the title character as he arrives in a cart attached to Lucky, whose neck has a sore. The surroundings in it include an almost-barren tree, and Estragon suggests that he could hang himself from that, but Vladamir doesn’t want to be alone. For ten points, name this Beckett play about waiting for a man who never comes. 
ANSWER: Waiting for Godot or En attendant Godot

19) A first order correction to this rule is granted by the fugacity and activity coefficients. Asiotropes deviate from this law, while it is obeyed by ideal solutions. It is the complement of Henry's Law. For ten points, give this law which gives the partial pressure of a component of a solution as mole fraction times the pressure of the pure substance.
ANSWER: Raoult's Law 

20) This figure’s unique hair is known as jatamakuta [jah-tuh-MAH-coo-tuh], through which a river flowed. This being’s throat is discolored due to poison. This deity is often worshiped in the form of a linga, the phallic compliment of the yoni of his consort, Parvati [PAR-vah-tee], with whom he fathered Skanda [SKAHN-duh] and Ganesa [guh-NEE-sha]. FTP, name this member of the trimurti [tree-MUR-tee]; the three-eyed embodiment of restoration and destruction in Hinduism.
ANSWER: Siva (or Nataraja or Ardhanarisvara or Pasupati; prompt on Sambhu or Sankara or Mahesa or Mahadeva)

BONUSES

1) He wrote such works as The Return of the Native and A Pair of Blue Eyes. F10PE:
[10] Name this man, who also wrote about a woman who becomes a dairymaid and marries Angel Clare, who leaves her because of her past.  Later, she stabs him and gets hanged.
ANSWER: Thomas Hardy
[10] Name the novel previously described.
ANSWER Tess of the D’Urbervilles
[10] In addition to Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy also wrote this work, about the title stonemason whose wife Arabella deserts him.
ANSWER: Jude The Obscure

2) After being swept by the Arizona Diamondbacks, the Chicago Cubs further proved why they suck.  Answer the following about some recent examples of Cub ineptitude, FTSNOP.
[10] In Game 6 of the 2003 NLCS, the Cubs were five outs away from winning the series this left fielder was attempting to make a play on a foul ball when Steve Bartman interfered with.  The Cubs ended up losing Games 6 and 7.
ANSWER:  Moises Alou
[5/5] On June 1, 2007, these two teammates, one a pitcher and one a catcher, got into a fight at the top of the fifth, with the catcher getting a bloody lip and subsequently being traded.
ANSWER:  Carlos Zambrano, Michael Barrett
[10] Going back to 2003, on June 3 Sammy Sosa was ejected and suspended for seven games for using this.  Afterwards, he claimed that he only used them in batting practice.
ANSWER:  corked bat (accept knowledgable equivalents, i.e. loaded bat, do not accept references to pine tar)

3) Identify some figures of the Harlem Renaissance FTPE.
[10] This author of A Dream Deferred collected his poetry in The Weary Blues. His other works include The Negro Speaks of Rivers.
ANSWER: Langston Hughes
[10] This female author of the Harlem Renaissance wrote about Janie and Tea Cake in Their Eyes Were Watching God.
ANSWER: Zora Neale Hurston
[10] This poet wrote The Black Christ and Other Poems and Long Way to Heaven.
ANSWER: Countee Cullen

4) Conduct the following boolean logical operations FTPE.
[10] 1 AND 1
ANSWER: 1 or true
[10] 1 XOR 1
ANSWER: 0 or false
[10] 0 AND 1 OR 0
ANSWER: 0 or false

5) Abu Bakr was the first of these rulers, whose name means “successor.” The first four are known as the “rightly guided.” FTPE:
[10] Give this Arabic term for the early rulers of the community of Muslims.
ANSWER: caliphs
[10] This fourth and last of the “rightly guided” caliphs faced a number of rebellions and was assassinated in 660 CE. He is buried in Al-Najaf, Iraq.
ANSWER: ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib
[10] ‘Ali is venerated in this sect of Islam, which split with the Sunnite sect over the issue of his succession.
ANSWER: Shi’ite (or Shi’ah)

6) Identify these George Eliot novels from descriptions, F10PE:
[10] This novel focuses on the life of Dorothea Brooke, who marries her first husbands brother after he crushes her illusions and dies.
ANSWER: Middlemarch
[10] In this novel, Tom Tulliver attempts to keep his sister Maggie from marrying Philip, so she instead runs off with her cousin’s fiancé.
ANSWER: The Mill On the Floss
[10] This work’s namesake ‘weaver of Raveloe’ is asleep due to his narcolepsy while his gold is stolen by Dunston Cass. He later adopts the orphan Eppie.
ANSWER: Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe

7) Name these famous American businessmen FTPE.
[10] His wealth was based on shipping and railroads and he was often called"The Commodore."
ANSWER: Cornelius Vanderbilt
[10] He founded the company that eventually became US Steel and is famous for his support of public libraries.
ANSWER: Andrew Carnegie
[10] This founder of Standard Oil was the first billionaire in the United States.  His philanthropy included donations to several colleges, including one to the University of Chicago, which he called "the best investment I ever made."
ANSWER: John D. Rockefeller

8) Identify the following types of faulty logic, F10PE.
[10] This type of faulty logic uses the premise as the conclusion. For instance, “The sky is blue because blue is the color of the sky.”
ANSWER: circular logic
[10] This logical fallacy is named from the Latin for “does not follow”. An example would be “All humans are mammals. I am a mammal. Therefore, I am a human.”
ANSWER: non sequitur
[10] This type of logical fallacy is an argument based on attacking the person, instead of the argument. 
ANSWER: ad hominem

9) Titans, the precursor to the Olympian gods, were quite powerful in their own right, but obviously inferior.  Name some of them, FTPE.
[10] A son of Iapetus and the father of the Pleiades, he has to carry the weight of the world on his shoulders.
ANSWER:  Atlas
[10] The husband of Tethys, he was the lord of the sea before surrendering to Poseidon.
ANSWER:  Oceanus
[10] The personification of custom and law, she is often depicted with a pair of scales.  She was also the mother of the Fates and the goddesses of the seasons.
ANSWER:  Themis

10) Name some things related to an economic entity for ten points each. 
[10] The board of governors of it get 14 year terms. Its previous chairman was famously cryptic and spoke of irrational exuberance in a speech in 1996. 
ANSWER: The Federal Reserve or the Fed
[10] This is the rate at which depository institutions trade balances available at the Federal Reserve to another institution overnight.  
ANSWER: The federal funds  or fed funds rate
[10] In turn, the regional banks can give member banks short term loans at this rate. It can also be used to determine the present value of future cash flows.  
ANSWER: The discount rate

11) Identify these concepts related to galaxies FTPE.
[10] Galaxies are often classified by their shape. This shape with ill-defined spiral arms is an intermediate between spiral and elliptical galaxies.
ANSWER: Lenticular Galaxies
[10] The stars within galaxies are divided into populations based on their characteristics. This population of older stars is often found in the galactic halo.
ANSWER: Population II
[10] It is believed that the centers of most galaxies contain a super massive one of these.
ANSWER: Black Hole

12) Answer these questions about a novel FTPE.
[10] Name this novel, whose characters include Charles Bingley, William Collins, and Jane and Lydia, the sisters of the female protagonist. 
ANSWER: Pride and Prejudice
[10] For five points each, name the male and female protagonists of Pride and Prejudice.
ANSWERS: Elizabeth Bennett (accept “Lizzy”) and Fitzwilliam Darcy
[10] Name the author of Pride and Prejudice.
ANSWER: Jane Austen

13) Answer the following about a theory from evolutionary biology FTPE.
[10] This theory postulates that evolution occurs in large bursts, followed by long periods of stasis.
ANSWER: punctuated equilibrium
[10] One of these is an evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing.
ANSWER: bottleneck
[10] Defined by Ernst Mayr, this is the effect of establishing a new population with much smaller number of individuals that exhibit less genetic variation than the original population.
ANSWER: Founder Effect

14) This composer’s brother Michael was organist at Salzburg. He himself was patronized by the F¸rnbergs and Esterh·zys. FTPE…
[10] Name this Austrian composer of 104 symphonies.
ANSWER: Franz Joseph Haydn
[10] Haydn’s last 12 symphonies are named for this English city, where the namesake event of the “Miracle” Symphony took place. Haydn shook its complacent crowds with his “Surprise” Symphony.
ANSWER: London
[10] Haydn’s efforts in this programmatic genre include The Seasons and The Creation. Notable examples by other composers include Judas Maccabaeus and Christ on the Mount of Olives.
ANSWER: oratorio

15) Identify the following relating to Kurt Vonnegut’s novel Slaughterhouse Five for ten points each. 
[10] The city in which the title edifice is located. Vonnegut, as a POW, survived an intensive allied firebombing and a subsequent firestorm which devastated this ancient capital of Saxony.
ANSWER: Dresden
[10] Aliens from this planet abduct Billy Pilgrim and put him on display in a museum along with Montana Wildhack, a pornographic movie star.
ANSWER: Tralfamadore
[10] The author of several little-known science fiction books who is in charge of the paper routes in Billy Pilgrim’s hometown.
ANSWER: Kilgore Trout

16) Identify the following lakes, FTPE.
[10] This Minnesota lake is the source for the Mississippi River.
ANSWER:  Lake Itasca
[10] Drained by the Benue river, this African lake has shrunk to to one-sixth its former size due to damming and a lack of rainfall.
ANSWER:  Lake Chad
[10] Located in the Fort Smith region, this lake is located near Echo and Sawmill Bays and is the largest lake of Canada and has five arms, including Keith and McTavish.
ANSWER:  Great Bear Lake

17) Name these Greek orators from clues FTPE.
[10] He argued against the growing power of Philip II of Macedon, and then later against Philip's son, Alexander.  One of his greatest orations was "On the Crown," in which he attacked those who would have peace with Macedon.
ANSWER: Demosthenes
[10] Most of his extant work is organized in dialogs, in which he is never a participant.  Some of his works include Symposium and Meno.
ANSWER: Plato
[10] One of the great Greek tragedians, his extant play include Antigone, Oedipus Rex, and Ajax.
ANSWER: Sophocles

18) First stated by Guildberg and Waage, this principle of chemistry allows one to determine the reaction quotient for non-equilibrium systems. F10PE:
[10] Name this law that, in its standard form, uses the concentrations of reactants over the concentrations of products raised to certain powers.
ANSWER: the law of mass action
[10] The aforementioned powers in the law of mass action are these numbers, which appear before species when a reaction equation is written out and indicate the number of molecules the species participating.
ANSWER: stoichiometric coefficients (or stoichiometric numbers; accept word forms like stoichiometry)
[10] The law of mass action is used on an equilibrium system to define this dimensionless, temperature-dependent value symbolized K that determines, for example, how much of a product results from given amounts of reactants.
ANSWER: the reaction constant

19) Identify these Renaissance sculptures, F10PE.
[10] This bronze sculpture depicts its subject anachronistically dressed in then-current Italian fashion. Its subject is depicted with its foot on the head of a giant.
      ANSWER: David
[10] This marble sculpture depicts an angel about to thrust an “arrow of divine love” straight into the heart of a woman. It depicts a vision held by the woman who is the subject of the sculpture.
      ANSWER:  The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
[10] This sculpture in marble depicts a classical hero after slaying a monster that could turn would-be heroes into stone with a look.  The subject is holding a sword and the other title object.
      ANSWER: Perseus with the Head of Medusa 

20) Name the following Revolutionary War battles from clues FTPE.
[10] General Israel Putnam was in charge of the Continental forces, and the battle actually took place on Breed's Hill.
ANSWER: the Battle of Bunker Hill
[10] This siege led to the surrender of Lord Cornwallis's army and the effective end of the Revolutionary War, though the hostilities dragged until 1793.
ANSWER: the Battle of Yorktown
[10] An important victory for the Patriots in the southern theater, the volunteer Patriot militia defeated a force of British loyalists led by Major Patrick Ferguson who were detached from Cornwallis's army and so halted Cornwallis's invasion of North Carolina.
ANSWER: the Battle of King's Mountain

Name these female world leaders from clues FTSNOP.
[5] Her patronage of the arts and culture in 18th century Russia, as well as the Russian victory over the Turks and partition of Poland gave her the moniker "the Great."
ANSWER: Catherine II
[10] This leader of the UK during the Falklands War supported Ronald Regan's policy of deterrence against the Soviets, but her uncompromising personality led to her ousting in an internal party ballot in 1990.
ANSWER: Margaret Hilda Thatcher
[15] Currently under arrest for her alleged involvement in the disappearance of an activist caused by her signing decrees allowing the armed forces to take action against subversives, this woman served as President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976.
ANSWER: Isabel Martinez de Peron